The Alan E. Beer Center for Reproductive Immunology & Genetics helps families grow by researching and treating couples who experience recurrent miscarriages, multiple pregnancy losses or repeated in vitro fertilization failures.

 

 


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Category 5 Immunological Problems

Chapter 2: CD 19+5+ B Cells (1)

Problem
  1. Normal numbers are 2% - 10%. Women with problems have increases in cell numbers above 10%.
  2. These cells produce antibodies to hormones necessary for pregnancies to develop safely. These antihormone antibodies are against estradiol, progesterone, and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG).
  3. These antibodies lower hormone levels and lead to luteal phase deficiencies, slow rising HCG levels when pregnant, poor stimulation during ovulation induction cycles and poor lining development by ultrasound evaluation.

At Ovulation or Recovery of Eggs

    TNF
DNA in Eggs
Damages DNA in Eggs by Apoptosis - Spot Welds the DNA so that it Divides Poorly
  Egg Embryos Show Slow Cellular Division, Fragmentation of Cells, Inclusions in Cells. This Causes Failed IVF, Implantation Failure & Ovarian Failure


Before Implantation

  NK Cells Resident in Uterus
   
TNF Alpha
 

Causes Apoptosis of the DNA in
the Embryo Leading to
Spot Welding of the DNA


Embryo Grows Slowly and Dies.
Embryo Never Attaches.
Placental Tissue Grows With
No Embryo Seen.


After Implantation TNF Alpha Damage

TNF
Decidual Necrosis Yolk Sac Damage
Subchorianic Hemorrhage Slow Heart Beat
Irregular Shape Gestational Sac
Placental Cell Death
Too Little Amniotic Fluid

Consequences

  1. Resistant ovary syndrome or premature ovarian failure. Day 3 FSH and Estradiol levels are too high.
  2. Poor egg quality in IVF. Fewer eggs recovered, slow division following IVG, fragmentation of embryos, poor quality embryos, fragile when frozen and thawed, multiple failed transfer cycles with no positive BHCG or slow rising BHCG.
  3. Lining fails to develop adequate thickness, adequate layers or adequate blood flow to zone three.
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